Section outline

  • acid

    Acid-base balance is a critical physiological process that maintains the pH of bodily fluids within a narrow, optimal range (approximately 7.35–7.45) to ensure proper cellular function and metabolic activity. The body employs intricate buffering systems—including the bicarbonate buffer system, respiratory regulation, and renal mechanisms—to counteract pH disturbances caused by metabolic or respiratory imbalances. Even slight deviations can disrupt enzyme activity, oxygen delivery, and electrolyte balance, leading to disorders such as acidosis (excess acidity) or alkalosis (excess alkalinity). Understanding acid-base homeostasis is essential for diagnosing and managing conditions ranging from kidney failure to chronic respiratory diseases. This topic explores the mechanisms that keep pH in equilibrium and the consequences when balance is lost.

    8.1 Topic Learning Outcomes 

    By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

    8.1.1 Explain acid-base balance
    8.1.2 List the major sources of hydrogen ions in the body
    8.1.3 Distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases
    8.1.4 Explain the mechanisms to minimize changing pH values of the body fluids

    8.2 List of Subtopics 
    8.2.1 Introduction to Acid Base Balance
    8.2.2 Major Sources of Hydrogen Ions
    8.2.3 Buffer System
    8.2.4 Respiratory Excretion of Carbon Dioxide
    8.2.5 Renal Excretion of Hydrogen Ions
    8.2.6 Acid Base Imbalance
    8.2.7 Acid Base Disorder

    8.3 Video Lecture
    Watch the video assigned for this topic: Fluid, Electrolyte & Acid Base Balance (Part 2)
     

    (Duration: 9:06 mins)

    • 8.4 Lecture Slide File

      For further details, consult the accompanying lecture slides and recommended readings

    • 8.5 Tutorial : pHlash Cards: Flip for Balance! Interactive Content

      Instruction: Guess the answer based on the given description related to acid-base balance. Turn the card when you are ready to see the answer.

    • 8.6 Online Group Discussion Forum

      Topic: Acid - Base Balance: Fact or Myth?

      Objective:       Collaborate in small groups to discuss key questions about acid base balance, ensuring clear explanations and respectful dialogue.

      Instruction: Divide among yourself into groups. Choose ONE (1) subtopic. Discuss within your group members based on the following subtopics either it is a fact or myth. Then defend your stance in the forum. Aim for clear, creative, concise answers with examples, where needed.

      Subtopic:

      1. "Drinking 4L of water daily is always healthy".
      2. "Drinking lemon juice makes your blood more acidic".
      3. "Sports drinks fully replace electrolytes lost in marathon runners".